How long co2 in atmosphere

Carbon dioxide is a different animal, however. Thus, as humans change the atmosphere by emitting carbon dioxide, those changes will endure on the timescale of many human lives. These changes should attract our attention. Half of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations in the last years has occurred since , and one quarter of it since Methane concentrations have increased 2.

This represents a 47 percent increase since the beginning of the Industrial Age, when the concentration was near ppm, and an 11 percent increase since , when it was near ppm.

A relative decline in the amount of heavy carbon isotopes in the atmosphere points to fossil fuel sources. Burning fossil fuels also depletes oxygen and lowers the ratio of oxygen to nitrogen in the atmosphere.

OCO-2, launched in July , gathers global measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide with the resolution, precision and coverage needed to understand how this important greenhouse gas — the principal human-produced driver of climate change — moves through the Earth system at regional scales, and how it changes over time. The actual function is established in several steps involving intermediate functions see Keeling et al.

Keeling, CD, et al. Global Aspects, June, , p. Read how other stations were "identified" with MLO data, how data were adjusted according to "a long-term trend line proportional to industrial CO2 emissions". Third, your claim that the "then the observed rise will be greater than anthropogenic emissions, as the annual rise is equal to total emissions minus total uptake" is false, if by your second use of the word emissions you are referring to your immediately preceding phrase, "anthropogenic emissions".

The annual rise must be equal to the total inputs minus the total uptakes. Fourth, your ultimate claim that "the natural environment is a net carbon sink rather than a source" is false. Take a look at the Vostok Record, for example, a period in which man surely had no effect. Sometimes the natural environment is a net sink, sometimes a net source. See the thread MLO is a volcano for further information and comments.

I think I've figured this out, but I'm not sure. OK, this is what I think is happening. Can someone help me out? Is my thinking correct? Dikran Marsupial at AM on 16 February, drrocket 19 wrote "First, nature is indeed a net source of CO2 in warming epochs, such as the last 50 years. This is a simple bit of accounting, and the uncertainties involved are too small to have any bearing on the conclusion. While temperature does affect uptake of CO2 by the oceans, the fluxes also depend on the difference in partial pressure of CO2 between the atmosphere and surface waters, so if atmospheric CO2 rises, ocean uptake increases.

This is known physics. However, the paleoclimate data strongly suggests that the rise is not natural. In the Vostok data you only see a change in CO2 of ppmv in response to the sort of temperature change you see at the start of an interglacial about 10 degrees C , whereas now we have seen a rise of ppmv with a temperature rise of less than a degree. So can you explain why the oceans are suddenly so much more temperature sensitive now than they have been for the last , years?

There are parts of AGW theory that are uncertain; that the rise in CO2 is of anthropogenic origin simply isn't one of them.

KR at AM on 16 February, drrocket - " Warming decreases ocean solubility for CO2, and in the absence of other effects will outgas until the partial pressure of CO2 matches solubility and oceanic concentrations of CO2 complexes. However, if the partial pressure rises, as is the case with our emissions, then the ocean will absorb CO2.

It's a race between decreasing solubility due to warming and partial atmospheric pressure, and atmospheric pressure is well in the lead right now. Flask , in-situ , ice core : all datasets show increasing concentrations of a globally well-mixed gas. We can even see it from orbit: And over geologic time: Have a great day!

First, I have patience and no virtues. Second, you don't have to convince me. But the CO2 concentration in is ppmv. That is the right number, but I'm not convinced.

The deniers go nuts over stuff like this--they think it's a proof that AGW advocates are lying. That didn't happen. The real increase is bad enough, why the fuzzy math? So I'd stick with the experts. But is my reasoning correct???? That is the big question for me. Not that I've ever converted a skeptic. I've calculated increments for each year from consecutive annual ppmv averages kinda agree with NOAA's. That's good.

What is that number? I just double checked. If I can't defend my number I'm on no more firm ground than a skeptic, and that's a very uncomfortable place to be. Daniel Bailey at PM on 16 February, Re: koyaanisqatsi 31 I suspect an issue exists in terminology see here for discussion. Quality posts on the subject at SkS can be found here and here. CO2 data comes from NOAA and several other sources in other countries, Japan has a really good site ; you should urge your friend to stop characterizing things as 'lies'.

That sort of language doesn't help the conversation. It says what it says. No big deal. But credibility is lost when can't defend an apparent inaccuracy that supports your case or you make a mistake you don't admit.

If the science of AGW is to strong, then it should be easy to defend it. Doug Mackie at AM on 21 February, The short urls post has reminded me I have been remiss in not responding here. Some responses: 16 CBDunkerson re oceans soaking up the rest if we stop emitting today. The oceans only absorb because of the difference disequilibrium between atmosphere and surface ocean.

Crudely simplifying the greater the difference the greater the absolute uptake by the oceans. Not even sure what you are trying to say. When I write a cheque then if there is a difference between the words and the figures then they trust the words because it is easier to make a mistake with figures.

The paragraph reads as if it has been written by a technical writer as opposed to a mission scientist. Yes, perhaps the paragraph lends itself to misuse by deniers but I take it your friend is similarly critical of denialist writings?

The first debunks IPCC's elementary formula for the physics of residence time to make room for complex ocean equilibrium theory IPCC applies to the ever-changing surface layer of the ocean. You appeal to this theory for the proposition that a warming ocean can be a net sink of CO2. All these claims flow from the assumption that the surface layer is in thermodynamic equilibrium. Seawater Equilibria by hfranzen begins, The audience for whom this piece is intended consists of people who know some chemistry and are uncertain about how to consider the often made claim by deniers that the oceans contain so much dissolved carbon that human production is inconsequential.

The latter shows that the solution to the equations using the stoichiometric equilibrium constants is given by the Bjerrrum plot. Reported in Wolf-Gladrow, D. IPCC refers to a single point from the Bjerrum plot without ever mentioning it by name. However, the same two authors specify that these equations apply not in some vague equilibrium state, but In thermodynamic equilibrium. Bold added, Zeebe, R.

Wolf-Gladrow, Carbon dioxide, dissolved ocean. Encyclopedia of Paleoclimatology and Ancient Environments , Ed. The surface layer is not in mechanical equilibrium, nor in chemical equilibrium, nor in thermal equilibrium, so it fails all three stringent requirements to be in thermodynamic equilibrium. Thermodynamic equilibrium means neither dynamic equilibrium nor steady state, as AGW proponents argue from time to time.

Chemists evaluate equilibrium constants only at equilibrium. Nuffield Physical Science workbook, Section 6 Chemical equilibrium, p. Le Chatelier's Principle p. The Principle is If a system at equilibrium is disturbed by a change in temperature, pressure, or the concentration of one of the components, the system will shift its equilibrium position so as to counteract the effect of the disturbance.

Le Chatelier's Principle The Law states that equilibrium coefficients are approximately constant at a given temperature.

If the non-equilibrium or disequilibrium trajectory a system follows between equilibrium states could be quantified and predicted, Le Chatelier's state-of-the-art Principle, which only applies to the end points of the trajectory, would be obsolete. No law analogous to the Equilibrium Law exists to provide a direction or bounds on concentrations in disequilibrium. As a result, and notwithstanding that the pH of the surface is known, the molalities of the carbonate system are unknown in the real ocean.

AR4, Figure 7. With the principles of equilibrium honored, the laws of chemistry and physics can all be satisfied. The article attempts to disprove a straw man claim that human production [of CO2] is inconsequential with false science.

In fact, for other reasons it is true The audience for whom hfranzen's piece is intended is no more knowledgeable than IPCC's Policymakers. It consists of people who nothing about equilibrium, much less equilibrium chemistry, or physics, and who accept IPCC's model, with all its false claims, as demonstrated by authority.

Eric skeptic at AM on 11 May, drrocket, welcome back to the thread! There is a slight isotope preference for vegetation uptake, but that is mostly cyclical the same isotope ratios are released after the vegetation dies in the NH fall.

Someone else will have to address your other items, but certainly item 7 CO2 is well mixed has much more evidence than you imply, in particular your item 10 which is verifiably true, not just a claim derived from your preceding items. Your denouement, "claim" 12, is one I might also argue with, but I would certainly consider more evidence than the single claim of thermodynamic equilibrium at the ocean surface.

Are trying to prove your claim that CO2 rises are due to a warming ocean? If so, you still haven't addressed the point that net CO2 uptake can be positive in a warming ocean. That cannot be disproven by using local thermodynamic equilibria since those need to be integrated to determine the net effect. You certainly cannot use global average T, P, and other parameters to do this. Take a look at the air-sea flux in IPCC's carbon cycle for the s here.

The natural fluxes in black, left to right, positive into the ocean, are 0. The anthropogenic fluxes in red are 2.

But how could x13 or x12 be aware of the origin of the species? IPCC can't be pinned down on its well-mixed conjecture because it never quantifies what well-mixed means, and because it has no mechanism to respond to challenges. Samaras says that in no way represents what a concerted global effort to actually hit that goal would do.

The Nature Climate Change team split the CO 2 sources into six categories and looked at how much each changed between January and April, while countries rolled in and out of confinement. The biggest change in activity was in aviation; it dropped by an average of 75 percent by early April. The other huge change was in surface transport such as cars and trucks, where daily activity sank an average of 50 percent. That change translated into a big effect on emissions, because driving makes up a bigger piece of the normal CO 2 -waste pie.

During the crisis, people needed those almost as much as ever. Emissions from power use dropped by about 15 percent—which translated into about 3. All in all, the reduction in daily emissions got us, as a planet, back down to the levels we were at in But what this experience does show is when humanity is united around a goal, big changes can happen on short time scales.

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There are many forms of negative emissions, but most likely the only way to remove enough CO2 will be to pull it directly out of the air and bury it underground in saline aquifers , a process known as carbon capture and sequestration CCS. With CCS, CO2 is treated as a waste product that has to be disposed of properly, just as we treat sewage and so many other pollution hazards. How much CO2 will need to be buried?

The faster and sooner emissions fall, the less CCS will be necessary. The slower and later they fall, the more that will be needed. Though the IPCC says 1. The paper estimates that even if emission reductions are successful, between — gigatons will need to be sequestered during that period.

To give a sense of scale, that means by humanity needs to be compressing, transporting, and burying an amount of CO2, by volume, that is two to four times the amount of fluids that the global oil and gas industry deals with today. To build an industry of that scale, by that date, we need to begin today, with large-scale research and deployment.

The price of capturing CO2 from the air needs to be driven down quickly. So how, in the absence of a carbon price, can the carbon capture industry get going? Carbon dioxide is a commodity with some value. It is used, both directly and as a feedstock, by a range of industries and has been for over a century. Just like burning fossil fuels, it transfers CO2 from the geosphere to the atmosphere.

But if CO2 pulled out of the air became more plentiful and cheaper, it could begin competing with terrestrial CO2. In theory, any industry that uses carbon from under the ground — for fuel, beverages, directly in industrial processes, as a feedstock to create other products, or whatever — could switch to air-captured CO2.

And it could have two broad benefits. First, it could reduce CO2 emissions, in part by sequestering some carbon permanently in durable products and in part by substituting for carbon-intensive processes, thus avoiding emissions that would have otherwise occurred. Not even close. The tonnage of CO2 humanity emits simply dwarfs the tonnage of carbon-based products it consumes.

But CCU could be a helpful tool in the decarbonization tool belt. Second, demand for CO2 driven by CCU could provide early market pull, helping to get carbon capture technology scaled up and its costs pushed down, so that it is ready when policymakers finally get around to supporting CCS in earnest.

This is a hot and rapidly developing area in the climate and energy world.